Chemical hazards account for up to 2% of workplace accidents in the Czech Republic. Surprisingly, these hazards aren't exclusive to chemical production facilities. They lurk in various settings, including construction sites, agriculture, paint shops, galvanizing facilities, and even hairdressing salons. Across the European Union, approximately a fifth of workers deal with hazardous substances, underscoring the pervasive nature of this risk. Let's delve into what chemical hazards entail and how to safeguard against them effectively.

Chemical substances span a spectrum of dangers, categorized into four main classes. Physical hazards encompass explosives, flammable gases and aerosols, and oxidizing liquids—substances prone to triggering fires or explosions if mishandled. Improper handling can result in diverse injuries, from burns caused by combustible fires to skin irritation and internal organ damage from inhalation. Another significant category is health hazards, which encompasses substances exerting adverse effects on human health. While some substances cause immediate health issues, others pose risks only after prolonged exposure, elevating the likelihood of cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, skin ailments, allergies, and reproductive disorders. 

Assessing the risk level of these substances typically involves determining their Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). Even a modest 0.3 PEL denotes potential risk, with values between 1-2 PEL signaling work environments with discernible risks. PELs exceeding 2 indicate high-risk occupations, where hazards persist despite Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage, such as certain roles in chemical or biological laboratories.

Safety data sheets

Accurate risk assessment hinges on comprehensive safety data sheets containing vital information on chemical substances, storage instructions, and accident response protocols.

Exposure scenarios

Derived from chemical safety reports, further illuminate substance production or usage and outline measures to mitigate adverse health and environmental impacts.

Proper labeling and storage of hazardous substances are imperative, alongside measures to prevent their leakage into the environment. Workspaces handling such chemicals must feature robust ventilation systems, conducive microclimate conditions, adequate lighting, potable water, first aid kits, and firefighting apparatus. Equally essential is the provision of certified PPE tailored for chemical hazards. Regular assessment of pollutant concentrations, coupled with thorough employee training on substance risks, PPE usage, maintenance, and storage, further fortifies workplace safety.