Hypothermia doesn’t only occur at extreme temperatures; it can develop anytime the air temperature is lower than your body temperature, especially if there’s high humidity (fog, rain, or snow) and strong winds. Factors like physical condition and cold tolerance also play a role, with elderly people, children, and those with chronic illnesses more susceptible to hypothermia. 

Dressing in layers is key: a snug bottom layer acts as a “second skin” to retain body heat and wick moisture; a middle layer insulates against the cold, and an outer layer shields against rain and wind. 

Frostbite, which primarily affects the hands, feet, ears, nose, and cheeks, can be dangerous if left unprotected in the cold for extended periods. Wind and humidity increase the risk. Early signs include tingling and numbness, followed by the skin hardening or becoming waxy, often turning a pale or grayish color. Severe damage can occur in as little as an hour, so regular monitoring of exposed skin is important. 

In the cold, hands quickly lose sensitivity, which is not only uncomfortable but can also be hazardous, particularly for those working outdoors or in chilly environments. Quality gloves designed to retain warmth are essential here, especially for those who work outdoors year-round. Cold-resistant work gloves should be certified under standard EN 511, meaning they protect against temperatures down to -50°C. These gloves include three performance ratings: convective cold resistance (rated 0-4), contact cold resistance (0-4), and water resistance (0 = not waterproof; 1 = waterproof). 

Choosing well-fitted gloves is crucial for warmth and dexterity. Gloves that are too large can trap cold air and reduce efficiency, while gloves that are too small might expose your wrists. 

“Stay calm and keep your feet warm” isn’t just an old saying—cold feet can cause serious discomfort, and loss of sensation increases the risk of injury. Functional, cold-weather socks are essential to insulate warmth, provide breathability, and wick moisture. Merino wool, bamboo fiber, or polypropylene-based fabrics are excellent choices. Cotton socks should be avoided as they retain moisture, increasing the risk of cold feet. 

For footwear, select boots marked with CI (indicating insulation against the cold) for added warmth, as they’re built with thicker soles and insulating materials. If you work in wet conditions, look for boots with a WR marking, which means they’re water-resistant. For even more insulation, consider adding a warm insole made from materials like wool or one with a reflective aluminum layer to bounce the cold away. 

Without a head covering, we can lose up to 10% of our body heat, especially in windy conditions, which also increase the risk of sinus infections. A hat that covers your forehead and ears will provide optimal warmth. Look for headgear made of functional materials that insulate heat, wick moisture, and block the wind. Balaclavas or hoods are good options, as they provide full coverage, protecting the ears and neck from harsh weather. 

By taking a few extra precautions, you can keep your extremities warm and functional through even the harshest weather, helping to prevent frostbite, hypothermia, and the discomfort of being cold. Enjoy the winter season safely and warmly!